Mountains are just part of the Earth’s crust like all land, so the middle is rock, just like the outside. Some mountains are old volcanoes so they will probably be the same type of rock all the way through. Others are formed when the Earth’s crust is forced upwards and these can have many different types of rock inside. You can generally see them all on your way up the mountain as ‘bands’ of rock. It’s this type of mountain that you will find fossils because the rocks used to be seabeds and forests a long, long time ago.
Mountains can form by various processes, which are reflected in their composition: If you find fossils in there, they have once been on the continental surface or the bed of the sea. If you find volcanic minerals, they have come from below the tectonic plates. There are also many minerals that exist only under the special conditions created by heavy mountains moving relative to each other.
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